化妝品廢水論文
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- 本次設(shè)計的目的是對化妝品廢水進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計，以解決化妝品行業(yè)廢水帶來的環(huán)境污染問題。
化妝品生產(chǎn)過程中排放的大多都是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、有毒有害和生物難以降解的有機(jī)物污染物質(zhì)，其中COD濃度高達(dá)上萬，BOD濃度高達(dá)數(shù)千mg/L，如不妥善處理，將會對環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的污染和破壞。針對其廢水量小及化妝品行業(yè)廢水特點，考慮成本、處理技術(shù)、進(jìn)出水水質(zhì)等因素，最終確定氣浮—水解—SBR法的處理工藝。
本流程首先設(shè)有格柵、調(diào)節(jié)池，對污水進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，去除水中較大的懸浮顆粒和調(diào)節(jié)水質(zhì)水量。氣浮能有效地去除廢水中大部分的動植物油, 同時去除由油類物質(zhì)引起的 CODCr，有利于后續(xù)的生化處理工序。二級處理采用水解酸化/SBR聯(lián)合工藝，可有效地去除廢水中的SS和CODcr。SBR法是一種間歇運行的廢水生物處理工藝，該法具有適應(yīng)性強，操作運行靈活等特點，適合于化妝品生產(chǎn)廢水處理。通過格柵、調(diào)節(jié)池，水解酸化池、SBR處理系統(tǒng)的處理工藝，出水可達(dá)《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的國家一級排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
本文對格柵、調(diào)節(jié)池、氣浮池、SBR反應(yīng)器及污泥濃縮池進(jìn)行計算，編制設(shè)計說明書，并繪制工藝流程、構(gòu)筑物平面及高程、主要構(gòu)筑物共五張圖紙。
關(guān)鍵詞：
化妝品行業(yè)廢水；氣�。凰馑峄�；SBR處理系統(tǒng)。
Abstract
The purpose of this design is the preliminary design of cosmetics industry wastewater, to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by cosmetics industry waste water.
Chemical emissions from the production process are mostly complex, poisonous and harmful and difficult to degrade toxic organic compounds and biological pollutants, including concentrations as high as tens of thousands of COD, BOD concentrations up to several thousand mg / L. If not treated properly, will cause serious pollution and destruction to the environment. In view of its wastewater quantity was small and cosmetics industry wastewater characteristics, consider the cost, processing technology, access to water quality and other factors, ultimately determine the process as air -flotation - Hydrolysis-SBR.
First, the process has a grill, adjust the pool, pretreatment of wastewater to remove larger suspended particles in water and adjust the quality and quantity. Floating can effectively remove most of the animal and vegetable oils, and remove material CODCr caused by oil, benefit to the follow-up biochemical treatment processes.Secondary treatment using hydrolysis acidification-sbr-contact oxidation/SBR joint process, can effectively remove the water in the SS and CODcr. Through the grille, regulation pool, hydrolysis acidification tank, SBR treatment systems in cities such as secondary treatment process, effluent can reach the level of the "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards," the level of emission standards at the national level.
Combined with the local actual condition, sludge treatment adopted: sludge concentration, mechanical dewatering process flow.
In this paper regulation ponds, floating pool, SBR reactor and sludge concentration pool design specification is calculated, formulate, and rendering process, structures plane and elevation, the main structures of five drawing.
Keywords:
Cosmetics industry wastewater; gas flotation; hydrolysis acidification; SBR treatment system.
引言
在當(dāng)今社會，化妝品已經(jīng)成為生活當(dāng)中必不可少的日常用品。在過去的20年里，化妝品生產(chǎn)以年均高于25％的速度增長，但是在化妝品生產(chǎn)過程產(chǎn)生的廢水中含有高濃度的有機(jī)物、懸浮物和動植物油等。這些物質(zhì)不僅對環(huán)境的污染加劇，而且對人類健康的危害也日益普遍和嚴(yán)重。因此，為保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類健康，必須將化妝品行業(yè)廢水進(jìn)行適當(dāng)和必要的處理以達(dá)到國家排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.化妝品廢水的來源及水質(zhì)特征
1.1化妝品生產(chǎn)廢水的來源
化妝品可劃分為一般液態(tài)單元、膏霜乳液單元、粉單元、氣霧劑及有機(jī)溶劑單元、蠟基單元和其他單元等�；瘖y品的基礎(chǔ)潤膚原料主要分為：植物油類、蠟類、烴類、合成油脂和脂肪酸、脂肪醇和脂類；此外，還含有乳化劑、增稠劑、抗氧化劑、防腐殺菌劑和香精色素等�；瘖y品的生產(chǎn)操作單元—般是不連續(xù)的，可分為粉碎、研磨、粉末制品混合、乳化和分散、分離和分級、物料輸送、加熱和冷卻、滅菌和消毒、產(chǎn)品的成型和包裝、容器的清洗等。
根據(jù)化妝品廠的生產(chǎn)工藝，其廢水主要來源如下：(1)清洗沖洗廢水。如產(chǎn)品或中間產(chǎn)物的精制過程中的洗滌水，更換產(chǎn)品或是間歇反應(yīng)時反應(yīng)設(shè)備或反應(yīng)釜的洗滌用水、洗瓶水等，其中主要成分是原料、產(chǎn)品及中間產(chǎn)物和副產(chǎn)物等。(2)產(chǎn)品加工過程工藝排水。生產(chǎn)過程中形成的廢水如蒸餾殘液、結(jié)晶母液、過濾母液等廢水[2]。
1.2化妝品生產(chǎn)廢水主要特點：...
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